The concept of biological diversity is multifaceted and complex. The species richness can probably be like about 5 species because of its diversity. When pollution is severe, sensitive species will not appear, lesssensitive species have a low probability, and most of the species captured will be pollution tolerant. Understanding the factors that affect and are affected by small scale species richness is fundamental to community ecology. Genetic diversity includes the variations in genes that result in inherited. Calculating species diversity for the fish community of cadron creek in the spring 2011. Species biodiversity lab friends of james river park. The species present may be native or nonnative alien or invasive. Species richness is the number of different species. Functional characteristics operate in a variety of contexts, including effects of dominant species, keystone species, ecological engineers, and interactions among species e. A community which has 5 individuals of every species would represent a high degree of. Beyond labz virtual labs launch menu to activate the product beyond the 2day trial period, you can purchase a license valid for one year from time of activation. Species diversity lab conclusion kmsatullo science notebook. So this is my first ever lab report i had to write, so can anyone give me some good advice on.
As a measure of species diversity, we will calculate the shannon index, h. At the regional scale diversity often increases due to introduction of new species, although work in our lab comparing invasions and extinctions in coastal ecosystems has shown that despite little change or even increases in total diversity, the composition of the biota has changed in important qualitative ways. Just count the species in your sample to calculate it. Biogeographic region components of species diversity. The species abundance is over 20 because where we were at there was so much of it. Species and diversity lab report bio 153 lab report. A majority of these showed greatest abundance in old growth. Aug 25, 2014 biodiversity diversity of living things term often misused and overused current focus in conservation studies includes interest in genetic, species and ecosystem diversity we will use species as our focus but concepts can be used for genetic and ecosystem diversity as well. Mining coronavirus genomes for clues to the outbreaks. Species biodiversity lab friends of the james river park. Social links twitter facebook flickr instagram linkedin youtube. After recording the different species in each lot and recording the number of each species we were able to observe the diversity of the population.
Species richness is the measure of the amount of different species present. Species richness an index based on the number of species i. Not only is it the root word applied to the points of light that wander in the night sky in a path apart from that of the constellations, but it is where the word plankton comes from. It is about the testing of a river and to check how the diversity levels are different going up the river. The peak in species richness along the andean region figs.
Sixteen species were discovered using the two methods of seining. Kaushik bhattacharjee national postdoctoral fellow. Data relating to the diversity of species and ecosystems. Data in figure 6 indicate that plankton species diversity vary across time and location, which may be linked to seasonal weather changes, nutrient fluctuation, and grazing zooplankton communities.
There is particular difficulty in classifying prokaryotes, and the classification keeps evolving based on new knowledge acquired. Measurements plant species composition was measured by an index of plant species diversity computed with the formula used for bird species diversity. Biodiversity calculator this calculator is free to use and is designed for biologists, ecologists, teachers, and students needing to quickly calculate the biodiversity indexes of an ecosystem. There are different types of biodiversity, and biodiversity is just as important as species diversity which helps researchers to find how diverse an area is. Species richness is a measure of the number of differen t species present in an ecosystem, while species evenness measures the relative abundance of the various populations present in an ecosystem. Hence, a bacterial species is a genomic species based on dnadna relatedness and the modern concept of bacterial species differs from those of other organisms. Ryan digregorio, gabriel jacobs, zoe frangules may 1, 2017 biodiversity lab report species diversity. Species diversity patterns at ecotones amanda ruth.
While much of the north central california coast has been protected as marine protected areas 19. Species diversity contains a number of species present in different habitats. Doing this allows us to better connect the products and services of the companies we serve to the emotional responses that drive user intent. Species diversity patterns at ecotones under the direction of robert peet this thesis aims to clarify species richness patterns at ecotones, the mechanisms underlying these patterns, and the challenges faced when trying to link diversity patterns to ecotone properties. Species is the lowest category regarded as basic unit classification. Lab 31 species diversity lab its a small world after all 1 background.
Status of species, biodiversity, and the food web in puget sound the puget sound basin, with its varied terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats, is a highly productive and diverse ecosystem. Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity. Shannon diversity index is a way to mathematically calculate how biodiverse an ecosystem is. Parker ap environmental science 30 october 2016 species diversity introduction biodiversity is a term that indicates the different amount of species, landmass, and other resources in an area. Species diversity lab report ellis 1 marisa ellis riaz khan. Plant diversity page pd1 diversity in the plant kingdom i. The number of species is known as the species richness. This lab was originally designed for estimating species richness of eastern. Lab 3 plant diversity and evolution prelab reference reading. Biodiversity is having a wide range of different types of species, and helps protect against species extinction. Species evenness describes how evenly distributed all the species are in a community.
Biodiversity can even refer to the diversity of habitats in a given region. Cells in the andean region of ecuador cover a highly. While earths biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered, many species are being threatened with extinction due to human activities, putting the earths magnificent biodiversity at risk. Community 2 contains only 5 species, with 20 individuals of each. Measuring the relative abundance of species or the species heterogeneity is a bit more complex.
Biodiversity tests using the simpson s diversity index. A calculator will be helpful for this lab exercise. The biodiversity was very big because it was next to a pond of water so there was so much to see like plants, insects, even animals. Species diversity is the measure of the diversity within an ecological community that incorporates species richness and the evenness of species abundances. Introduction the diversity of species in an ecosystem can be used to determine the health of an ecosystem. Mining coronavirus genomes for clues to the outbreaks origins. It is a group of similar individuals which resembles with each other in morphology, breed among themselves but not with others and probably descended from a common ancestor.
Species diversity, functional diversity and ecosystem. Species that continue to migrate into an area are found there even if the habitat is a sink. Apes parking lot species diversity lab the diversity of species present in an ecosystem can be used as one gauge of the health of an ecosystem. Biodiversity lab ap environmental science lab reports. The proportion of the species declined as the rank of the species decreased. Habitats in the sea, in freshwater, and on land differ dramatically in species composition and diversity.
Students will increase understanding of biodiversity. Species diversity is determined not only by the number of species within a biological communityi. Species diversity, functional diversity and ecosystem functioning. We would like to thank ruth lintermann for help in the laboratory at fu. Ecological diversity has a variety of terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems found in an area or on earth. Jun 04, 2018 in our work at smart panda labs, it is our practice to prioritize the customers needs when creating digital experiences and analyzing the data we gather about their behaviors.
Lab 31 species diversity lab its a small world after. In ecology, it is often used to quantify the biodiversity of a habitat. Species diversity species diversity differs from species richness in that it takes into account both the numbers of species present and the dominance or evenness of species in relation to one another. Generally, a species is a group of similar individuals capable of interbreeding and producing offspring. Difficult to define because definition consists of two distinct components. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Thus, nothing is learned about diversity maintenance beginning with. Continued migration of a suite of species into a local area depends on diversity maintenance in the areas that are the source of the immigrants. This lab presents a popular method often used to estimate the population size of a single species of highly mobile animals, such as insects or vertebrates.
Species richness is a measure of the number of different species present in an ecosystem, while species evenness. This lab is part of a national effort by ecology professors at liberal arts colleges to collect long term datasets on forest biology for teaching and. Animal diversity part i introduction one of the primary goals of the second half of biol 106 is to understand evolutionary relationships among animals and to gain an appreciation for the diversity of animal form and function. Species diversity lab the diversity of species present in an ecosystem can be used as one gauge of the health of an ecosystem. Learn biology lab animal diversity with free interactive flashcards.
Limited sampling hampers big data estimation of species. Species richness variety of species or the number of different species or genera, families, etc. The huge diversity of animals requires us to divide our survey of different animals into a number of labs. Many of these invertebrates, of course, constitute major prey species of fish. Learn animal diversity lab with free interactive flashcards. Discussion paper species, biodiversity and the food web july 11, 2008 page 5 science question 1 s1. Choose from 500 different sets of animal diversity lab flashcards on quizlet.
Species richness is a measure of the number of different species present in an ecosystem, while species evenness measures the relative abundance of the various populations present in an ecosystem. Species diversity is defined as the number of species and abundance of each species that live in a particular location. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on earth, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Parking lot biodiversity lab instructions background. The biodiversity of an area is calculated by the shannon diversity index and takes into account species evenness and species richness. Species and diversity lab report bio 153 lab report species. Discover life free online tools to identify species, teach and study natures wonders, report findings, build maps, process images, and contribute to and learn from a growing, interactive encyclopedia of life with 1,385,843 species pages and 778,580 maps discover life identification start the identification process by determining the bee genus you have by using this guide. The species richness of an area is how many species are in the ecosystem, if there are only a few species then there is a low score but more species. Amherst college 220 south pleasant street amherst, ma 01002. Community 1 contains 10 species, with 91 individuals of the first species, and 1 individual of each of the remaining species. Use the simpsons diversity index to determine which of the following three communities of 100 individuals is most diverse. Species extinction provides a clear but narrow window on the destruction of biodiversity it is the disappearance of the last member of a group that is by definition rare.
Species diversity then is the number of different species coexisting within a community, for example bear, humans, birds and dogs. Biological diversity is the totality of diversity in nature, including the variety of plants and animals, the ecological roles they perform, and the genetic variance they contain. The shannonweiner index was calculated using the sum of column 3 pi x lnpi. Whittakers idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape. Measuring biological diversity an exercise in community ecology.
Animal diversity part i washington state university. The staff lot had a specie richness of 78 different species and a total of 128 individuals. The way i measure species diversity is based on s number of species and n say abundance and distribution of abundance among species. It includes the concept of species diversity, or the total of all species in a given area or habitat, but can also refer to genetic diversity within a species.
Species abundance is the number of individuals per species, and relative abundance refers to the evenness of distribution of. Few understory species are restricted to, or absent from, any stage of stand development i. Biodiversity calculator for the simpson and shannon indexes. Finally, functional diversity is the biological or chemical process needed to species or community ecosystem survival. Introduction all modern terrestrial plants are the descendants of algae that adapted to a terrestrial habitat roughly 500 million years ago. When species are examined for biodiversity, three elements are looked at. Your use of the jstor archive indicates your acceptance of. First, enter the number of species, and then enter the name you wish to give the species, if available, and the given populations for each of the species. Choose from 500 different sets of biology lab animal diversity flashcards on quizlet.
As discussed above, the numbers and proportions of different species found in an ecosystem are referred to as species diversity. Diversity exists and can be measured from the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. The diversity of species present in an ecosystem can be used as one gauge of the health of an ecosystem. An ecosystem with a high level of biodiversity is more resistant to environmental change and to human impacts. Wilson a brilliant man with a lot to say about diversity calls it all of the variety of life from the different genes at the same chromosome position within populations, up through different species of organisms, on up to different aggregations of species in ecosystems. There are two components to measure this diversity. Phylum mollusca, order teuthida molluscs snails, clams, octupuses, squids are composed of four main body regions.
Measuring biological diversity an exercise in community. The nemid is a first of its kind webbased database of microbial diversity in northeast ne india which provides information on cultivableculturable microbes bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes from surface and subsurface soils across the seven sister states of the region arunachal pradesh, assam, manipur, meghalaya, mizoram, nagaland and tripura, sikkim and parts of north bengal. Plankton diversity and the oceans food webs planktos is greek for wanderer. Licenses are activated via a code you receive after purchase that you will need to enter in the activate page in beyond labz. Bio 150 lab final questions and study guide quizlet.
These include the nontracheophytes liverworts, hornworts, and mosses, the nonseed tracheophytes ferns and. Im in 9th grade and i have a biology lab report due in 5 days. To understand the importance of biodiversity, calculate the indices of the simpsons index, and quantify the biodiversity of a sample. Ecosystems with high biodiversity have large amount of resources, ecological roles, and different species, as well as complex food chains. Kerkhoff measuring biodiversity of ecological communities biodiversity is one of the primary interests of ecologists, but quantifying the species diversity of ecological communities is complicated. Species diversity and richness 1 pisces conservation ltd. Simpsons diversity index is a measure of diversity. In this laboratory, you will be introduced to the diversity of land plants. Typically, the focus is on species diversity, but other forms of diversity. Lab 31 species diversity lab its a small world after all. Section of ecology and systematics, langmuir laboratory, cornell university, ithaca. In ecology, it is often used to quantify the biodiversity of a. A genus is a group of closely resembling species having a common ancestry.
The number of species that live in a certain location is called species. Compared to water, land is an erratic habitat where temperature and moisture availability may change abruptly and. To date, more than 69,000 species in 5100 genera of fungi and about 4,760 species of about 700 genera of bacteria have been described in the literature as given in table 2. Microbial diversity an overview sciencedirect topics. Datasets include not only species range maps, but also data on the land and seascapes which provide habitat for earths diversity of life. Students use other students in the school as their population and the lincolnpeterson method to determine population size.
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